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American flags displayed prominently on a historic Wall Street building in New York City.
Analyse de marchéAnalyse de marché

Why Bank of America Still Sees Gold at $6,000 Despite Rate Hike Risks and Global Turmoil

Bank of America suggests gold could potentially reach $6,000, but not in the near term, due to significant headwinds from the Federal Reserve's tightening monetary policy. The bank was previously optimistic during gold's rally last year, expecting prices to hit $6,000 by spring. However, a recent correction has led its metals research team, led by…
06/23/20260Comments

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Smoke billows from factory chimneys in Konin, Poland, highlighting pollution and environmental impact.
Cryptos

Navigating the Nuances: Synthetic Carbon Credits and Their Hidden Dangers

Synthetic carbon credit tokens provide derivative exposure to carbon markets (e.g., ICE EUA, voluntary indices) via futures, total return swaps, or oracle-replicated performance, without physical custody or retirement of underlying credits. This delivers operational efficiency (fractionalization, 24/7 liquidity, reduced verification costs) but introduces material counterparty risk (issuer solvency/fulfillment), basis/tracking error risk (deviation from reference index…
06/18/20260Comments

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Industrial plant with reflection in water at twilight, showing smoke stacks and lights.
Analyse de marchéAnalyse de marché

Refinery Activity and Supply Chain Integrity

Executive Summary Satellite signatures combined with AIS vessel tracking and OSINT currently indicate elevated refinery activity in US/Europe amid global disruptions, but severe anomalies in Middle East tanker flows through the Strait of Hormuz. As of mid-June 2026, Hormuz transits are near-historic lows (often <10 vessels/day, down 70-97% from baseline), with widespread "dark" operations…
06/12/20260Comments

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Legal and tax studies

Regulatory Fundamentals and Architecture of Pillar Two in France | Operational Mechanisms of the GloBE Regime

1.1 Minimum Effective Tax Rate of 15% and calculation of the top-up tax Pillar Two of the OECD framework on international tax reform introduces a minimum effective tax rate of 15% applicable to the profits of multinational enterprises (MNEs) with consolidated revenue exceeding 750 million euros. This mechanism, formalized in the GloBE (Global Anti-Base Erosion)…
05/20/20260Comments

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Carbon Credit MarketCarbon Credit Market

Synthetic Tokens : Stochastic Modeling of the Impact of Pillar Two (OECD) on Tax Engineering and the Valuation of Tokenized Carbon Investments

1.1 Replicating Carbon Price Exposure Without Physical Holding of Credits Synthetic tokens offer exposure to carbon credit prices without requiring the physical holding of the underlying credits, by using derivative mechanisms such as futures contracts, total return swaps, or price oracles that replicate the performance of a carbon market benchmark index. This structure offers advantages…
05/19/20260Comments

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Cryptos

Analysis of the paradigmatic transition towards a “Digital Bretton Woods” and quantitative modeling of the risks/returns of Real World Asset (RWA) Tokenization

We are not in a classic crypto cycle; we are witnessing the commoditization of the settlement layer. Bretton Woods I (1944) used a gold-pegged dollar settled via correspondent banks (SWIFT/CHIPS). The current regime (post-1971) relies on the petrodollar and sovereign debt. Bretton Woods 2.0 is based on a Dual Pillar Regime: 1. Physical Pillar…
05/18/20260Comments

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Carbon Credit MarketCarbon Credit Market

Tokenization of carbon assets: blockchain protocols, on-chain traceability, and fractionalization

The tokenization of carbon credits is based on a layered technological architecture that ensures interoperability between traditional carbon credit registries and blockchain infrastructures. The typical protocol involves: (i) the verification and custody of carbon credits in a traditional registry account; (ii) the issuance of representative tokens on a public or permissioned blockchain, with a 1:1…
05/12/20260Comments

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