Executive Summary
Reduction in refined fuel demand (gasoline/diesel) is primarily driven by electrification (EV penetration ~25% global new sales 2025, displacing ~1.2 mb/d oil equivalent), efficiency gains (MPG improvements offsetting VMT growth), and behavioral shifts, not dominantly by 15-minute city models. The 15-minute city (proximity-based urbanism) and smart digitalized local economies contribute secondarily via…
1. Smart City Thematic ETFs: An Already Mature Vector for Institutional Investment
Smart City ETFs are a mature investment vehicle attracting significant capital, with around 40 products totaling approximately $15.6 billion in assets under management as of April 2024. Key examples include BlackRock's iShares Smart City Infrastructure UCITS ETF (CITY). These funds directly finance urban…
Carbon Credit Market
Analyse de marché