1.1 Formal Specification of the GloBE ETR
The determination of the Effective Tax Rate (ETR) under the GloBE regime follows a formal specification whose mathematical precision conditions the entire tax calculation chain. The ETR per jurisdiction, denoted ETR_j for jurisdiction j, is defined by the ratio: ETR_j = ACT_j / GI_j, where ACT_j represents the…
Genesis and Legal Foundations of Pillar Two in the OECD/G20
Framework Pillar Two, the product of the OECD/G20 work on base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS 2.0), constitutes the most ambitious reform of international taxation since the OECD and UN model conventions. Its stated objective is to establish a minimum effective tax rate of 15%…
1.1 Minimum Effective Tax Rate of 15% and calculation of the top-up tax
Pillar Two of the OECD framework on international tax reform introduces a minimum effective tax rate of 15% applicable to the profits of multinational enterprises (MNEs) with consolidated revenue exceeding 750 million euros. This mechanism, formalized in the GloBE (Global Anti-Base Erosion)…
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