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Tag: real-options hedge that partially mitigates equity downside

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Smoke billowing from industrial chimneys against a vibrant orange sunset sky in Gdańsk, Poland.

Décarbonisation

Décarbonisation

Transition énergétique

Transition énergétique

ESG/Fiscal Dimensions of Refiner Margin Squeeze: Carbon Pricing (Internal Shadow Prices) and Tax Loss Harvesting – TotalEnergies Case Study

1. Carbon Pricing Framework: Explicit (EU ETS) vs. Implicit/Internal Shadow Pricing TotalEnergies employs an internal carbon price (ICP)1 or shadow price in its project evaluations and asset impairment testing. Currently, its base case includes a minimum price of $100/tCO₂ (or higher jurisdictional prices) starting in 2023, with a 2% annual increase after 2030. Sensitivity…

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