Calculation of the Effective Tax Rate under Pillar Two

1.1 Formal Specification of the GloBE ETR The determination of the Effective Tax Rate (ETR) under the GloBE regime follows a formal specification whose mathematical precision conditions the entire tax calculation chain. The ETR per jurisdiction, denoted ETR_j for jurisdiction j, is defined by the ratio: ETR_j = ACT_j / GI_j, where ACT_j represents the…

07/06/20260Comments

ByOleg Turceac

Intangible Asset Shifting (IAS) Module

The Real Asset Shifting (RAS) module (www.steelldy-indices.com) focuses on tangible assets, notably cross-border real estate. However, intangible assets (patents, trademarks, software, know-how, databases, client lists) are historically the main channel for profit shifting in multinational groups. Unlike tangible assets, intangibles do not significantly benefit from the Substance-based Income Exclusion (SBIE), are highly sensitive to transfer…

07/01/20260Comments

ByOleg Turceac

Modeling of “TEnergies'” profit shifting anomalies via the Geneva hub through the lens of GloBE rules (Pillar Two)

Multi-model analysis of regulatory and OSINT data confirms with 99.4% confidence that TEnergies utilizes a complex tax optimization structure centered on its Geneva trading subsidiary. This structure uses the "Rest of the World" category in tax reports as a proxy for low-tax jurisdictions, primarily Switzerland. The implementation of the OECD Pillar Two GloBE rules,…

05/09/20260Comments

ByOleg Turceac