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Tag: effective tax rate

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Legal and tax studies

Regulatory Fundamentals and Architecture of Pillar Two in France | Operational Mechanisms of the GloBE Regime

1.1 Minimum Effective Tax Rate of 15% and calculation of the top-up tax Pillar Two of the OECD framework on international tax reform introduces a minimum effective tax rate of 15% applicable to the profits of multinational enterprises (MNEs) with consolidated revenue exceeding 750 million euros. This mechanism, formalized in the GloBE (Global Anti-Base Erosion)…
05/20/20260Comments

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Carbon Credit MarketCarbon Credit Market

Synthetic Tokens : Stochastic Modeling of the Impact of Pillar Two (OECD) on Tax Engineering and the Valuation of Tokenized Carbon Investments

1.1 Replicating Carbon Price Exposure Without Physical Holding of Credits Synthetic tokens offer exposure to carbon credit prices without requiring the physical holding of the underlying credits, by using derivative mechanisms such as futures contracts, total return swaps, or price oracles that replicate the performance of a carbon market benchmark index. This structure offers advantages…
05/19/20260Comments

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Carbon Credit MarketCarbon Credit Market Digitalisation

Taxonomy and Characterization of Carbon Credit Tokens (CCTs)

1.1 Direct Ownership Tokens 1.1.1 On-chain Representation of Carbon Credits Held in Custody by the Investor Direct ownership tokens constitute the most fundamental form of carbon credit tokenization, representing a digital claim on a physical carbon credit held in custody by an accredited custodian. This structure ensures a one-to-one correspondence between the issued token and…
05/15/20260Comments

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Legal and tax studies

Stochastic Modeling of the Impact of Pillar Two (OECD) on Tax Engineering and the Valuation of Tokenized Carbon Investments (TCC): Correlation Analysis Between STEELLDY’s CCQI Index and the Risk-Adjusted Tax Performance of TCCs in French Jurisdiction

The impact of the Pillar Two international tax regime (OECD) on the valuation and structuring of tokenized carbon credit (TCC) investments, particularly in France. (A) Structural effect of Pillar Two on the taxation of TCCs ¤ Pillar Two imposes a minimum effective rate of 15% on the profits of multinational corporations, neutralizing tax optimization…
05/10/20260Comments

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