Synthetic carbon credit tokens provide derivative exposure to carbon markets (e.g., ICE EUA, voluntary indices) via futures, total return swaps, or oracle-replicated performance, without physical custody or retirement of underlying credits. This delivers operational efficiency (fractionalization, 24/7 liquidity, reduced verification costs) but introduces material counterparty risk (issuer solvency/fulfillment), basis/tracking error risk (deviation from reference index…
1. Carbon Pricing Framework: Explicit (EU ETS) vs. Implicit/Internal Shadow Pricing
TotalEnergies employs an internal carbon price (ICP)1 or shadow price in its project evaluations and asset impairment testing. Currently, its base case includes a minimum price of $100/tCO₂ (or higher jurisdictional prices) starting in 2023, with a 2% annual increase after 2030.
Sensitivity…
1.1 Proprietary Multidimensional Benchmark Evaluating the Integrity, Durability, and Liquidity of Carbon Credits
The Climate Credit Quality Index (CCQI) developed by STEELLDY is a next-generation proprietary benchmark specifically designed to address the transparency and standardization gaps characterizing the voluntary carbon credit market. Unlike traditional indices, which are limited to price aggregations or transaction volumes, the…
1.1 Collective Structuring and Pooling of Heterogeneous Quality Carbon Credits
Pool tokens represent a stake in a collective portfolio of carbon credits with heterogeneous characteristics, structured as a mutual fund or a collective investment vehicle. This form of tokenization allows for the pooling of risks specific to each carbon credit and offers increased liquidity compared…
CCQI index and characterization of TCMs: Tracking Tokenization of RWAs and Carbon Credits
1.1 Methodology for the STEELLDY CCQI (Climate Credit Quality Index)
1.1.1 Definition and Objectives of the Index: Carbon Credit Quality Benchmark for the Voluntary Market
The Climate Credit Quality Index (CCQI), developed by STEELLDY, is a proprietary benchmark for the quality of…
The impact of the Pillar Two international tax regime (OECD) on the valuation and structuring of tokenized carbon credit (TCC) investments, particularly in France.
(A) Structural effect of Pillar Two on the taxation of TCCs
¤ Pillar Two imposes a minimum effective rate of 15% on the profits of multinational corporations, neutralizing tax optimization…
As of April 30, 2026, the Buffett Ratio (Wilshire 5000 / annualized nominal GDP) reached 227%, with a peak high of 232.6% in March. Paul Tudor Jones uses an expanded measure (total market capitalization / GDP) amounting to approximately 252%, incorporating foreign companies listed in the US and tokenized real assets. This ratio, adjusted for…
I. EXÉCUTIF. L’ANOMALIE QUANTIFIÉE DU VIX ET DE L'OR QUI SONT EN DIVERGENCE ABSOLUE
Le VIX est à son plus bas historique (4e percentile) tandis que l'or atteint un record absolu (100e percentile), créant une divergence statistique inédite (corrélation -0,63, 1er percentile). Ceci signale un contrôle monétaire et une dislocation systémique plutôt qu'un régime de…
Carbon Credit Market
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