The Substance-based Income Exclusion (SBIE) is a carve-out mechanism under Pillar Two (GloBE) that excludes part of a jurisdiction's GloBE Income before calculating top-up tax, recognizing real economic substance. Its formula for 2022 rules with 2024-2026 guidance is 5% of eligible payroll plus 5% of tangible assets' carrying value. Payroll includes eligible employee expenses,…