Executive Summary
The posited Liquidity Trap manifests as a regime where elevated nominal asset prices (gold near recent highs, equities at stretched valuations) coincide with forced liquidations driven by margin calls, collateral constraints, and retail FOMO entry, without corresponding real-economy liquidity expansion. Under conditions of gold stabilizing below $4,150/oz and WTI/Brent oil around $88/bbl (current…
1. Carbon Pricing Framework: Explicit (EU ETS) vs. Implicit/Internal Shadow Pricing
TotalEnergies employs an internal carbon price (ICP)1 or shadow price in its project evaluations and asset impairment testing. Currently, its base case includes a minimum price of $100/tCO₂ (or higher jurisdictional prices) starting in 2023, with a 2% annual increase after 2030.
Sensitivity…
Executive Summary
The 3:2:1 crack spread serves as a primary proxy for gross refining margins, calculated as:
3:2:1 Crack Spread=2×PGasoline (bbl)+1×PDistillate/Heating Oil (bbl)−3×PCrude (bbl)3\text{3:2:1 Crack Spread} = \frac{2 \times P_{\text{Gasoline (bbl)}} + 1 \times P_{\text{Distillate/Heating Oil (bbl)}} - 3 \times P_{\text{Crude (bbl)}}}{3}
where prices are typically futures-settled (e.g., WTI/RBOB/NYH HO for USGC benchmarks; Brent equivalents or regional baskets for Europe).…
Gold prices have plummeted, trading near $4,078.00, down 4.26%, and silver near $63.605, down 2.66%, following Wednesday's trading close. This decline is attributed to a higher-than-expected May inflation report, rising Treasury yields, and escalating US-Iran tensions, which have overshadowed demand for safe-haven assets. US consumer prices rose 0.5% in May and 4.2% year-on-year, with core…
This study details an advanced quantitative modeling of a conditional hedge for a crypto-exposed portfolio, employing Micro E-mini Nasdaq-100 (MNQ) futures contracts as the hedging instrument. The calibration is based on a dynamic conditional beta of BTC/Nasdaq at 0.45, estimated using a multivariate DCC-GARCH(1,1) model with Markov regime switching. Key Findings:
¤ Minimum Variance Hedge…
CTAs, large systematic trend-following funds, can trigger massive redemptions and forced selling during correlated drawdowns in tech indices like the Nasdaq-100. This poses a liquidity risk for crypto portfolios exposed to tech beta. The study models BTC's exposure to the Nasdaq-100 using a time-varying beta derived from DCC-GARCH, empirically calibrated at 0.45. This indicates that…
Deep Microstructure Audit, CTA Liquidity Hunting & « Left-Side » Accumulation Detection @ 66,752 USD
The current BTC price is part of a deep liquidity hunt orchestrated by |...| algorithms to trigger the programmed liquidation of CTAs, who must purge 2.4 million Long contracts. This 66,752 USD price is not a fundamental discovery but a microstructure artifact. Institutional |...| are using D Pools and O orders to absorb CTA and…
The announcement of a partnership between the DTCC and the Stellar Development Foundation (SDF) for asset tokenization on Stellar by mid-2027 represents a major institutional event for a public blockchain. This partnership could include equities, ETFs, and US Treasury bonds. However, a detailed analysis reveals several points:
1. Solid but not exclusive fundamental thesis:…
Silver, a unique hybrid asset (monetary, industrial, speculative, linked to energy transition), exhibits higher volatility than gold. Its price is influenced by monetary demand, industrial demand, physical supply, and real interest rates.
The primary driver, monetary demand, is linked to real interest rates (nominal rates minus inflation). When real rates are negative, the opportunity…
Excerpt from the article by Neils Christensen
The gold market has experienced a downturn, with prices falling below $4,500 and testing the critical 200-day moving average support. Despite this short-term selling pressure, attributed to inflation concerns and speculation of interest rate hikes, one fund manager, Tom Winmill of the Midas Discovery Fund, believes the long-term…
Analyse de marché
Décarbonisation