Executive Summary The 3:2:1 crack spread serves as a primary proxy for gross refining margins, calculated as: 3:2:1 Crack Spread=2×PGasoline (bbl)+1×PDistillate/Heating Oil (bbl)−3×PCrude (bbl)3\text{3:2:1 Crack Spread}…
The simultaneous withdrawal declaration of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates from OPEC and OPEC+ (April 28-29, 2026) constitutes…
Le 1er avril 2026, un paradoxe frappe le marché énergétique européen : le prix du baril de Brent est sous…
Multi-engine analysis suggests that the closure of the Strait of Hormuz, leading to a supply shock of 20 Mb/d (20%…